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Despite a major repatriation effort when the war ended, many stayed back.. Waves lashed Bengal’s coastal districts flooding the city with destitute villagers. Shops and eateries straddled pavements. There were only 3,138 of them in a population of 229,714 in 1827. Thankappan Nair, the city’s dedicated chronicler.. Mark Twain complained after only two days that the climate was “enough to make the brass doorknob mushy. Corpses littered the pavements.” A correspondent in the Englishman, a local newspaper nicknamed “John Bull of the East”, declared more bluntly, “Calcutta is a purely English city.“The history of Colonial Calcutta dates from August 24, 1690,” says P. Robert Clive thought Calcutta “the most wicked place in the universe”. Migration spiked during crises like East Pakistan’s 1950 and 1964 religious riots and the 1965 India-Pakistan war, reaching a high peak during the 1971 liberation war when the Pakistan Army’s atrocities drove 10 million refugees to West Bengal. The official sahibs didn’t think him good enough to meet King George V who visited Calcutta in December 1911.” Rudyard Kipling called it the “city of dreadful night. Whether or not the shortage was also engineered to cripple India’s Independence movement, as American novelist Howard Fast alleges, the British Parliament was told the weekly death rate was 1,000 when it averaged 30,000. Other Europeans called them Ditchers.
The city belongs and has always belonged to the English, and the native community in it is simply a foreign and parasitical community which would cease to exist if the English were to abandon it. Calcutta lost its granary. Even the Scots Sir David Yule, who headed the biggest British conglomerate, Andrew Yule and Company, market leaders in jute, tea and river shipping, couldn’t escape the taint of trade.Although the profit motive created Calcutta, European officials playing at being gentlemen dismissed European businessmen as boxwallahs or itinerant pedlars.Kolkata is a mad city because of its chaos, but it is also happily insane as it takes pride in this chaos and unscripted life and living.” The English were always a tiny minority.” The mythic horrors of “the black hole of Calcutta” of British imagination became the metaphor for the city until Saint Teresa, the Albanian-born Roman Catholic missionary, replaced it with an even more horrific image of death and disease. That was when the East India Company’s Job Charnock slipped anchor in the Hooghly.But this is a city where the slowness of life clangs on with traffic that knows no laws; a city where the kindness of strangers cohabit with the perniciousness of petty-minded spite — PNPC, “poro ninda poro chorcha” aka bitching is a contact sport; a place which prides itself for its rational and liberal views, and at the same time takes more recourse to amulets, tantriks, godmen and astrologers than any metropolitan town in India..
There might have been no relief at all but for the vigorous campaign by the Statesman and its editor, Ian Stephens, who accused the authorities of trying “to play down, suppress, distort or muffle the truth. This would be considered a fault in any other big town. And yet, like a metronome that keeps the same time and yet changes models, Kolkata keeps the beat — sometimes that of the boom’n’bass sounds from Someplace Else, the nightclub at Park Hotel, sometimes that of the dhaak, the drum that reverbates throughout the city during the pujo, sometimes that of some Hindi filmi song from someone’s television.Excerpt from the book Calcutta Then, Kolkata Now published by Roli Books. During Durga Pujo, the whole city bears this out with the full ferocity of a city that knows how to love and be loved. It may no longer have the same chutzpah spring nuts in claiming itself the tag of being the “cultural capital” of India. Estimates of the dead ranged from 5,000 to 20,000 and more, with tens of thousands wounded, many critically. “A Ditcher’s Diary” was a popular column in the European-owned and edited weekly, Capital.But Kolkata, changing by not changing at all, keeps the beat even as many have wondered, since former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi once made the mistake of calling it “a dying city”, whether its heart stops every once in a while. And keeps happening, quite magically indeed. The piteous cry “Mago! Ektu phan dao” (Dear mother, spare a little gruel) of children tottering from door to door filled the air.
The town had bad press from the beginning.. The king sent for him nevertheless and the two men got on so famously that their meeting, scheduled for 30 minutes, extended for an hour.”Then came the murderous orgy of 16 August 1946, Direct Action Day, to press for a Muslim homeland. Datta-Ray, Pramod Kapoor, Indrajit Hazra, Anshika Varma Roli Books, Rs 3,500 Calcutta ThenFor Lord Curzon, viceroy from 1899 to 1905, Calcutta was “in reality a European city set down upon Asiatic soil. Desperate mothers tried to sell starving infants. As it hurtles along in the here and now, its head remains turned to the past. Kolkata NowJuxtaposition of space and time is what makes time start-stop in Kolkata, makes spaces look familiar for decades while changing its proverbial leaves. His staff was warned not to waste the precious raw material.The 1940s was the decade of darkness. East Pakistan refugees accounted for 27 per cent of Calcutta’s population in 1951. About three million people died from starvation with the authorities in Calcutta, New Delhi and London in total denial. Pandals vie for supremacy (read: awards for best idols, best decorations, best themed pandals, best lights, etc.
Refugee shantytowns swallowed up open spaces. Nine years later he paid Rs 1,300 to the Savarna Raychaudhuri family of Barisha for zamindari rights over the three villages of Kalikatah, Sutanati and Govindpur.). They were birds of passage. Its jute mills lost their raw material. Calcutta Then Kolkata Now by Sunanda K. Independence the following August meant further waves of Hindu refugees fleeing the new Muslim theocracy next door. Here, time and tide waits, and amid exhortations of “Hobe na” — Won’t happen — Kolkata happens.. Office lore had it, recalled Bhaskar Mitter, who became Andrew Yule’s chairman in 1968, that His Majesty was mightily impressed when crossing the jetty to a jute mill, the thrifty Scotsman bent down and picked up a strand of the silvery fibre. The harvest had been plentiful, but food stockpiles for Allied troops, exports from Bombay, and hoarding and profiteering by local businessmen left nothing for the poor. A Scots jute mill manager’s percipient wife noted the absence of old folk because they went home as soon as they retired. East Bengal’s cuisine and dialect diluted Calcutta’s metropolitan culture; the “refugee vote” gave a new twist to competitive politics
We at Hawa Badlo aim at spreading awareness amongst people and motivating them. Talking about the video, Nipun says, “Amidst the chain of messages flowing in from various social media channels of the campaign the most surprising was from a mom of a three-year-old, Samreen, who depicted qualities which are hard to find in adults these days and gifted her own mask to a traffic policeman. The entire Hawa Badlo team was so moved with the gesture that they recreated the entire episode into a video and launched it on social media channels. The idea was to spread awareness about the deteriorating air quality in the National Capital Region and motivate people to inculcate air-friendly habits such as switching to CNG/electric vehicles, carpooling and use of public transport.
Nipun explains, “The activity was carried out to give the citizens the feel of breathing in unpolluted air. The wholesale sleeve anchorsGiftAMask is just an initiative for the traffic cops.#HawaBadlo is a social awareness campaign urging citizens to switch to environment-friendly habits in order to battle the pollution crisis A clip from the #GiftAMask campaign #HawaBadlo is a social awareness campaign urging citizens to switch to environment-friendly habits in order to battle the pollution crisisDelhi was recently labeled as the most polluted city in the world by the WHO, setting off the alarm amongst netizens to take productive measures to battle against air pollution.The campaign kick-started with the release of a video titled The Air Seller, a social experiment. The success of The Air Seller motivated the team to launch their second video Raavan ko Roko where # the anchor, dressed up as Raavan, claimed the vehicles of people driving diesel and petrol his own. Around the same time, they also started ground activities to gauge the understanding of their digital communication amongst Delhiites.”
Today, the campaign is one of the most effective initiatives against air pollution in recent times and has now touched more than 6. “The idea started when my four-year-old nephew decided to celebrate a cracker-free Diwali and educated us about the changing air quality,” shares Nipun. We do not want it to be restricted based on an individual or a particular brand. The video captured the various emotions of citizens when they were asked to buy packaged fresh air.8 billion lives digitally to join hands against pollution. “It’s a peoples movement..” Going forward, Hawa Badlo plans to rope in as many people as possible to spread awareness and educate people on the ground level. With every tweet you do with the hashtag, Team Hawa Badlo with GAIL (India) Limited will gift masks to traffic cops on your behalf. “The idea was not to preach or to teach but to inspire people and make them come together to fight against air pollution,” shares Nipun Arora, Founder, Hawa Badlo.”He continues, “Lack of awareness is the root cause of people not being able to do anything for society and the environment. Gurgaon-based start-up Social Cloud Ventures launched an interesting digital campaign called #HawaBadlo or #ChangeTheAir urging citizens to switch to environment-friendly habits.
The video informs people about the problems that the traffic cops go through everyday and Team Hawa Badlo asks everyone of you to use the hashtag #GiftAMask on Twitter. Their next video spoke about the risks that the traffic policemen go through on a regular basis because of the rising level of pollution through the #GiftAMask campaign. Many corporates have come forward to help us in taking the initiative to the next level without any personal or brand interest,” he concludes
Moreover, a slew of incentives in the form of subsidies will be offered for the manufacturing units.The government will also provide a subsidy of Rs one crore or 25 per cent of the capital cost for setting up dedicated effluent treatment plants and Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility.The quantum of incentives for parks investing Rs 300 crore will be decided on a case to case basis.Tamil Nadu is one among the two defence industrial production hubs announced by Centre, the other being Uttar Pradesh.The policy document was released by Defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman at the Global Investors Meet. This will help the state generate an employment of one lakh in next 10 years, as per the policy document released at the Global Investors Meet.In order to provide human resource, the government will partner with global and Indian OEMs and institutions under PPP mode to establish new and upgrade existing skill development institutes, colleges and universities in the state.
The government will provide special funding in the form of equity in joint venture with Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation for projects involving manufacturing and assembling of civil/military aircrafts, main battle tanks and other aerospace and defence platforms and equipments. It will provide special incentive package of assistance for clusters and equity participation for developing aerospace and defence parks. The manufacturing units will receive 100 per cent exemption on electricity tax on power purchased from the govt. (Photo: AFP | Representational) Chennai: In order to promote itself as a preferred hub for Aerospace and Defence industries, Tamil Nadu wants to attract investment to the tune of $5 billion in next five years and double it to $10 billion in the next 10 years.
Tamil Nadu government a few days back had announced that it had already received investment proposals to the tune of Rs 3,100 crore from the ordinance factory boards (OFBs), Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and private sector units. Defence private sector players like Lockheed Martin and LMW had also expressed their intentions to invest in the state. The policy document was released by Defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman at the Global Investors Meet. This includes anchor investment subsidy of 10 per cent on the eligible fixed assets for the first 10 aerospace/defence OEMS and tier I enterprises and their suppliers, 100 per cent subsidy on the cost for on-job training for one year to a maximum Rs 10,000 per month per trainee for maximum 50 trainees of a unit and 50 per cent reimbursement of the cost of certification subject to a China nylon hammer drive anchors Suppliers ceiling of Rs 25 lakh. In order to attract investments, the state government is offering huge incentives for enterprises intending to set up facilities in the state..
Units with investment up to Rs 10 crore will be given a back ended capital subsidy of 10 per cent and those investing between Rs 10 crore and Rs 300 crore will be eligible for 5 per cent subsidy.Units allotted land in aerospace/defence parks or SIPCOT parks within three years of the announcement of the policy will get 20 per cent concession on actual land cost. The state government will facilitate development of aerospace and defence clusters in Chennai, Coimbatore, Kancheepuram, Krishnagiri, Salem and Trichy districts under public-private partnership. Aircraft maintenance, repair and overhauling facilities will get refund of 50 per cent of SGST. New and existing manufacturing units in Tamil Nadu which are undertaking projects under the offset obligations requirements of the Ministry of Defence will get 30 per cent concession on the land cost and 100 per cent reimbursement on stamp duty on lease or sale in industrial parks or aerospace and defence parks promoted by SIPCOT and TIDCO.
The manufacturing units will receive 100 per cent exemption on electricity tax on power purchased from the government as well as generated and consumed from captive sources for the first 10 years. Expansion projects also will be eligible for this for 10 years. It will improve rail/road/air connectivity to the parks and take special initiatives to attract global and national OEMs and tier I manufacturers. An infrastructure back ended subsidy of 10 per cent on eligible fixed assets will be given to park developers investing a minimum of Rs 50 crore. Further, a structured package of incentives for projects with investment above Rs 300 crore will be provided for new and expanding manufacturing units on a case to case basis. Such projects by private entities involving design, development, manufacturing, testing and certification will be considered as special initiatives
The social media, while certainly democratising public debate, has also legitimised abuse. More recently, our freedom movement is a shining example of the primacy of civilised dialogue.How has this come to pass? It is not something that has always been our tradition.The malaise is contagious. The press of a button on your mobile phone can send into cyber space filthy expletives and innuendoes, and trigger hate campaigns and troll armies amplifying this garbage.Such examples need to be replicated. The great Mughal ruler, Akbar, began a series of debates under the awning of his dialogic forum, Din-i-Ilahi. All of us need to reflect on what can be done, before we go further down the drain of the endless name-calling that goes about in the name of public debate. The Jagad Guru believed in the jnana marga, or the path of knowledge as the way to salvation..
The only aim is to score an immediate hit at the opponent, irrespective of the language, and the veracity of facts. Nitish Kumar is one such person, and I don’t need to say this because I belong to the same party. Shankaracharya even agreed to Mandana Mishra’s wife, Ubhaya Bharati, to be the umpire in the debate, which continued in a civilised way for weeks, with the whole of Bharat — even in the days of no TV and social media — following its progress by word of mouth. This is also seen in the letters between Nehru and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. But, in spite of this divide, they were willing to have a civilised dialogue. Mandana Mishra, was a follower of the Purva Mimamsa school of Hinduism, that believed in karma kanda, the practice of rituals as prescribed by the Vedas, as the path to redemption.The Upanishads were a dialogue between a guru and a disciple.What has happened to this civility, this generosity of spirit, this ability to listen to the other with respect, even if you are emphatically in disagreement? The kind of debased vocabulary of people in public life today we get to hear is nothing short of shameful. The letters of Nehru and Gandhi wrote to each other show on how many vital issues the two were in disagreement, but, while these were voiced without inhibition, they were always civil. The Brahma Sutra, which — along with the Upanishads and the Gita — comprises the three foundational texts of Hinduism, is not a dialogue per se, but the extensive commentaries or bhashyas written on it, are.
This disagreement is not disdainfully dismissed, but is sought to be countered by reason and argument. Or, perhaps it is the TV “discussions” that influence the public discourse. Here the ideological points of divergence were even more pronounced, but both argued their case with great respect for the other. If you wish to know more about this I am always available. There is a brittleness in public life that recognises only absolute black and whites, cutting out all shades of grey, or doubt, or the possibility of another equally valid point of view. After Independence, there was a phase when some of the finest debates took place in Parliament, where speakers with firmly entrenched views were willing to listen with respect to the opposing argument. There are very few TV channels where one can watch a civilised discussion. The commentaries — including the seminal one written by Shankaracharya — invariably include the viewpoint of the “opponent”, or the one who is in disagreement. There is something seriously wrong in the quality of our public discourse.This dialogic aspect of our civilisational history is not confined only to ancient India. The Bhagavad Gita was, in many senses, a dialogue too, between Lord Krishna and Arjuna. In fact, there is the famous incident when Prime tie wire anchors Suppliers Minister Nehru, after listing to a young Atal Behari Vajpayee’s scathing indictment of his policies, went to congratulate Vajpayee, and even predicted that he had the material to become the PM one day.
Not once have I heard him using undignified language, and that sets the template for those who are his spokespersons too.When our political leaders are culpable in taking discourse to its lowest common denominator, TV channels do the same. The Bhagavad Gita was, in many senses, a dialogue too, between Lord Krishna and Arjuna.There are honourable exceptions to this narrative who need to be lauded. A certain coarseness has pervasively invaded it that does little credit to our claim of being one of the oldest and most refined civilisations. To resolve these, they agreed to have a Shastrartha, a discourse or a dialogue. Most have fallen prey to shouting matches, with panellists outdoing each other in the simultaneous display of lung power, with full encouragement of the anchor. We seek your support and participation. At a personal level, I, along with some others, have set up a public platform called “Shastrartha”, whose sole aim is to further, through public programmes, the dying art of civilised dialogue. Are our leaders suffering from a terminal sense of insecurity that becomes disgustingly accentuated every time an election is imminent? Or, is this kind of discourse par for the course? Is political acrimony — even rivalry — so great that it removes all barriers to public civility?
Is there a lack of political supervision, or even worse, is there complicity on the part of those who are in a position to counsel their subordinates to speak in a more dignified manner? The worst aspect of this situation is that one undignified jibe, provokes another of the same ilk, until the entire national discourse is hijacked by linguistic anarchy. In this platform, the proponents of Islam had to face the viewpoints of those of other faiths, with the ultimate aim of finding a meeting point of synthesis that would combine the best in all faiths. Abuse, slander, malice, innuendo and below the belt diatribes, flourish. The points of divergence were fundamental. Mandana Mishra lost the debate, and became the Jagad Guru’s most prominent follower, as did his wife. In short, the great art of civilised dialogue appears to be mostly dead in the world’s largest democracy. In the 8th century CE, the great Adi Shankaracharya had emphatic differences with another scholar of great eminence, Mandana Mishra. In fact, far from it. There is no notion of linguistic restraint. People talk at each other, not to each other. When our political leaders are culpable in taking discourse to its lowest common denominator, TV channels do the same